<h3>Microplastics testing</h3>In everyday life, people use plastic that is mostly non-biodegradable. Over time, through various processes, plastic breaks down into smaller particles. Particles with a diameter ranging from 1 µm to 5 mm are referred to as microplastics. Recent studies have shown that microplastics can be found in food, especially seafood. As plastic is present in marine environments, fish and other marine organisms ingest it. Studies have revealed that some fish species replace food with plastic, leading to the accumulation of toxic chemicals in their livers. Further research has found that shellfish and oysters, raised for human consumption, contain 0.36-0.47 microplastic particles per gram, meaning consumers could ingest up to 11,000 microplastic particles annually.&nbsp;Experts estimate that humans ingest between 74,000 and 121,000 microplastic particles per year through eating and inhalation. A systematic review published in 2022 highlighted cytotoxicity, immune response, and oxidative stress as negative health consequences associated with microplastics. It was also noted that cell viability decreased at 10 µg/mL of particles sized 5-200 µm. Another study in 2022 detected microplastics in human blood at a concentration of 1.6 µg/mL. Moreover, plastics often contain additives such as stabilizers and flame-resistant compounds, along with other potentially toxic chemicals that can be harmful to both animals and humans.&nbsp;Given the varying toxicity levels of plastic materials, accurate characterization is crucial. Microplastic identification is carried out using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and Raman microscopy/spectroscopy, as well as pyrolytic gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).&nbsp;Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR microscopy are proven effective instrumental techniques for the qualitative and quantitative determination of microplastics. Both Raman microscopy and FT-IR microscopy are vibrational spectroscopic techniques based on the interaction of incoming light with the molecules of a sample. In Raman spectroscopy, this interaction leads to inelastic scattering and a change in the frequency of the incoming light, while FT-IR spectroscopy results in the absorption of specific frequencies of the incoming light. The interaction generates a Raman or FT-IR spectrum specific to that molecule, which is ultimately used for identification. Adding optical microscopy to these techniques allows for the localization, quantification, and identification of microplastic particles.&nbsp;Sample Control laboratory utilizes the DXR3xi Raman Imaging microscope and LUMOS II FT-IR microscope to offer clients comprehensive microplastic analysis in products through Raman or FT-IR microscopy. These analyses provide information on the distribution, quantity, size, and type of polymer micro-particles.&nbsp;The laboratory currently has developed methods for microplastic testing in:&nbsp;Drinking water and seawaterNon-alcoholic and alcoholic beveragesFood and dietary supplementsCosmeticsFood and cosmetic packagingSoil and sediments

<h4>Testing Microplastics in Food</h4>The main routes of microplastic intake into the human body are inhalation, food, and drinking water. Microplastic particles can have various destructive effects within the human body. For instance, harmful effects may arise from undesirable additives or toxic substances present within the particles or adsorbed onto their surfaces (e.g., phthalates, BPA, PBDE, pesticides, heavy metals, PAHs, etc.), from tissue damage caused by the intake of microplastic particles into cells, or from the harmful effects of pathogenic microorganisms adsorbed onto the surface of microplastic particles. A 2019 study estimated that children, women, and men within the U.S. population ingest between 74,000 to 113,000 microplastic particles annually through inhalation, food, and beverages. Given the potential harmful effects of microplastics within the body, particularly concerning are the findings from studies that have detected microplastic particles in the lungs, blood, and breast milk.The identification of the type, size, and quantity of microplastic particles is effectively conducted using microspectroscopic techniques such as FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and Raman microscopy/spectroscopy. After successfully accrediting the method for analyzing microplastics in water samples in 2021, Sample Control developed and accredited a method for determining microplastics in food samples using Raman microscopy in 2022, utilizing the DXR3xi Raman Imaging microscope. To enhance the range of capabilities and speed of microplastic analyses, a LUMOS II FTIR microscope was acquired in 2024. With these two devices, Sample Control can offer its clients extensive analysis of microplastics in food samples.

<h4>Testing Microplastics in Water</h4>Different types of water bodies, including marine sources, freshwater sources, wastewater, and drinking water, contain varying amounts of microplastics, with drinking water being the most significant immediate source of microplastics. A 2019 study estimated that children, women, and men in the U.S. population ingest between 64,000 to 127,000 microplastic particles through bottled water or tap water annually, with figures ranging from 3,000 to 6,000 particles per person. The presence of microplastics in marine and freshwater sources also poses a problem due to their direct impact on animal organisms and indirect impact on humans through the food chain. Numerous studies have shown that marine organisms can ingest microplastics, often with serious consequences, as they can accumulate in tissues, act as vectors for infections, and absorb and transfer hazardous chemicals.Identifying sources of pollution is challenging because microplastics in water typically come from various sources, at different locations and times. To propose possible solutions for reducing the intake of microplastics into aquatic environments, it is essential to identify primary sources as well as the type of microplastic materials, making accurate material characterization crucial. The determination of the type, size, and quantity of microplastic particles is effectively carried out using vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.Sample Control Laboratory recognized the need for routine microplastic analysis early on. In 2020, we acquired the DXR3xi Raman Imaging microscope, and the following year, we became the first in Croatia to accredit a method for analyzing microplastics in drinking water and seawater. Since then, the laboratory has gained extensive experience in analyzing various types of water samples, including wastewater, environmental water samples from rivers and lakes, and even water sourced from Antarctic ice. To enhance the range of capabilities and speed of microplastic analyses, a LUMOS II FTIR microscope was acquired in 2024. With these two devices, Sample Control can offer its clients comprehensive analysis of microplastics in various types of water samples.

<h4>Testing Microplastics in Cosmetics</h4>Synthetic polymers, due to their beneficial properties, are used in nearly all areas of human activity. However, plastic products often end up in the environment, where they fragment into smaller, insoluble particles through physical and chemical processes. In 2023, the European Commission adopted <a target="" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2055/oj">Regulation 2023/2055</a>, which restricts the addition of microplastics to products, aiming to reduce their release into the environment by 30% by 2030. Among the products included in this restriction are cosmetics, where microplastics are used for multiple purposes, such as exfoliation (microbeads) or achieving specific textures, scents, or colors.The identification of the type, size, and quantity of microplastic particles is effectively conducted using microspectroscopic techniques such as FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and Raman microscopy/spectroscopy. After successfully accrediting methods for analyzing microplastics in water and food samples in 2021 and 2022, respectively, Sample Control developed and accredited a method for determining microplastics in cosmetic samples using Raman microscopy in 2023, utilizing the DXR3xi Raman Imaging microscope. To enhance the range of capabilities and speed of microplastic analyses, a LUMOS II FTIR microscope was acquired in 2024. With these two devices, Sample Control can offer its clients extensive analysis of microplastics in cosmetic samples.

Microplastics testing

<h3>Raman spectroscopy and microscopy</h3>Raman spectroscopy is one of the main vibrational spectroscopic techniques, in which the spectra of the observed samples are obtained as a result of vibrations of bonds between atoms in sample molecules. It is a non-destructive chemical analytical technique that uses inelastic light scattering to identify a unique fingerprint of a molecule. With the interaction of a monochromatic light source (in the area of the visible, close infrared or close ultraviolet part of the spectrum) and the pattern, there is a so-called inelastic scattering of light, in which the output photons have a different wavelength from the input (Raman effect). By detecting scattered photons, a spectrum is obtained in which Raman displacement is displayed along with the intensity of the detected photons.Since the displayed ribbons in the spectrum correspond to the connections of atoms within the molecules, a quick identification of the material is possible using the relationship of the specific positions and intensity of the ribbons in the Raman spectrum. Furthermore, given that the intensity of individual ribbons in the spectrum can be linked to the concentration of analytes in the sample, qualitative and quantitative determination of analytes is possible.&nbsp;&nbsp;Raman microscopy combines Raman spectroscopy with optical microscopy, allowing the spatial determination of the different components within the observed sample in three dimensions and obtaining of a so-called chemical imaging of the cross-section, with resolution up to 1μm.Raman spectroscopy and microscopy are used in research in the fields of nanotechnology, electronics, materials science, pharmacy, geology...Pharmaceutical industry:Potential applications in the detection and development of drugs:<ul><li>testing the distribution of components within the formulations,</li><li>characterisation of the homogeneity of pharmaceutical samples,</li><li>determination of the condition of medicinal substances and excipients and</li><li>characterisation of pollution and foreign particulate matter</li></ul>Raman spectroscopy methods are also applied for:<ul><li>design of medicinal substance,</li><li>development of solid and liquid formulations,</li><li>as a process analytics tool</li><li>to determine patent infringements</li><li>falsification analysis</li></ul>Material analysis:<ul><li>chemical and structural analysis of multidimensional materials</li><li>ideal choice for determining the thickness of a layer of graphene and determining the relative diameter of carbon nanotubes</li></ul>Battery development:<ul><li>real-time analysis of structural and material changes on lithium-ion batteries</li><li>perfect for effective ex situ analysis of anodic and cathodic materials</li></ul>Polymer/packaging analysis:<ul><li>visualization of 3D confocal spectral data</li><li>fast understanding of multi-layered patterns at high resolution</li><li>obtaining data on structure and crystallinity</li></ul>Determination of microplastics:<ul><li>microplastics: automated analysis and identification of multi-point microplastics,</li><li>advanced software for optical location, characterization and identification of microplastics</li><li>higher spatial resolution allows microparticle analysis</li></ul>Geological surveys:<ul><li>rapid non-destructive identification of liquid inclusions in minerals</li><li>current data on crystallinity and crystal structure</li></ul>Restoration of art and the study of cultural art:<ul><li>identifying and characterising the original and decomposed compounds present in art objects and archaeology</li><li>non-invasive, non-destructive pigment analysis method</li></ul>Forensic science:Applications within forensic science include the identification of illegal drugs, shooting residues, accelerants in cases of arson, ink used for counterfeiting or explosives.&nbsp;Sample Control uses the most technologically advanced Raman microscope in its work. The Thermo Scientific™ DXR™3xi Raman Imaging microscope significantly expands the analyses carried out by Sample Control Laboratory.As part of the analyses on the Raman microscope, at the moment we perform a large number of methods, several of which are accredited or in the process of accreditation, while some methods are innovative and subject to research and development. Some of the methods we use:<ul><li>Identification of materials</li><li>Determination of microplastics in drinking water and seawater</li><li>Determination of microplastics in food and dietary supplements</li><li>Determination of microplastics in cosmetic products</li><li>Application of chemometric techniques for quantitative determination of analytes in solutions</li><li>Detection of SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) contaminants</li></ul>

<h3>Raman spektroskopija in mikroskopija</h3>Ramanova spektroskopija&nbsp;je ena glavnih vibracijskih spektroskopskih tehnik, v katerih se spektri opazovanih vzorcev dobivajo kot rezultat vibracij vezi med atomi v molekulah vzorca. Je nerazdiralna tehnika kemične analize, ki uporablja neelastično razprševanje svetlobe, da bi identificirala enkratni prstni odtis (fingerprint) molekule. Z interakcijo monokromatskega vira svetlobe (v področju vidnega, v bližini infrardečega ali v bližini ultravijoličastega dela spektra) in vzorca, prihaja do tim. neelastične razpršitve svetlobe, pri kateri izhodni fotoni imajo različno valovno dolžino od vhodnih (Raman učinek). Z detekcijo razpršenih fotonov dobivamo spekter, v katerem se Ramanov premik prikazuje skupaj z intenziteto detektiranih fotonov.Glede na to, da prikazani trakovi v spektru ustrezajo pripadajočim povezavam atomov znotraj molekul, je možna hitra&nbsp;identifikacija materialov&nbsp;s pomočjo razmerij specifičnih položajev in intenzitet trakov v Ramanovem spektru. Nadalje, glede na to da se intenziteta posameznih trakov v spektru lahko pripelje v zvezo s koncentracijo analitov v vzorcu, je možno kvalitativno in kvantitativno določanje analitov.&nbsp;&nbsp;Ramanova mikroskopija&nbsp;kombinira Ramanovo spektroskopijo z optično mikroskopijo, s čemer se omogoča prostorsko določanje različnih komponent znotraj opazovanega vzorca v tri dimenzije in pridobivanje tim. kemične slike (ang. chemical imaging) ali kemične slike prereza, s sposobnostjo razločevanja do 1 µm.Ramanova spektroskopija in mikroskopija se uporabljata v raziskovanjih na področjih nanotehnologije, elektronike, znanosti o materialih, v farmaciji, geologiji…Farmacevtska industrija:Potencialne uporabe v razkrivanju in razvoju zdravil:<ul><li>preiskovanje razporeditve komponenat znotraj formulacij,</li><li>karakterizacija homogenosti farmacevtskih vzorcev,</li><li>določanje stanja zdravilnih snovi in pomožnih snovi ter</li><li>karakterizacija onesnaženja in tujih delcev</li></ul>Metode Ramanove spektroskopije tudi uporabljajomo za:<ul><li>oblikovanje snovi zdravila,</li><li>razvijanje trdnih in tekočih formulacij,</li><li>kot orodje za analitiko procesa</li><li>za ugotavljanje kršitve patentov</li><li>analizo ponarejanja</li></ul>&nbsp;Analiza materialov:<ul><li>kemična in strukturna analiza večdimenzionalnih materialov</li><li>idealna izbira za določanje debeline plasti grafena in določanje relativnega premera ogljikovih nanocevčic</li></ul>&nbsp;Razvoj baterij:<ul><li>analiza strukturnih in materialnih sprememb na litij ionskih baterijah v resničnem času</li><li>imenitno za učinkovito ex situ analizo anodnih in katodnih materialov</li></ul>&nbsp;Analiza polimerjev/ embalaža:<ul><li>vizualizacija 3D konfokalnih spektralnih podatkov</li><li>hitro razumevanje večplastnih vzorcev pri visoki zaznavnosti</li><li>pridobivanje podatkov o strukturi in kristalizaciji</li></ul>&nbsp;Določanje mikroplastike:<ul><li>mikroplastika: avtomatizirana analiza in identifikacija mikroplastike v več točk,</li><li>napredni softver za optično lociranje, karakterizacijo in identifikacijo mikroplastike</li><li>večja prostorska zaznavost omogoča analizo mikro delcev</li></ul>&nbsp;Geološke raziskave:<ul><li>hitra nerazdiralna identifikacija inkluzij tekočin v mineralih</li><li>trenutni podatki o kristaliničnosti in kristalni strukturi</li></ul>&nbsp;Obnova umetnosti in preučevanje kulturnih umetnin:<ul><li>identificiranje in karakterizacija izvirnih in razkrojenih spojin prisotnih v umetniških predmetih in arheologiji</li><li>neinvazivna, nerazdiralna metoda analize pigmentov</li></ul>&nbsp;Forenzika:Uporabe znotraj forenzične znanosti vključujejo identifikacijo ilegalnih mamil, ostankov izstrelkov, pospeševalcev v primerih naklepnega sežiga, tinte ki se uporablja za ponarejanje ali eksploziva.&nbsp;V Sample Controlu pri delu uporabljamo tehnološko najbolj napreden Raman mikroskop. Thermo Scientific™ DXR™3xi Raman Imaging mikroskop pomembno razširja analize, ki jih opravlja laboratorij Sample Control.V sklopu analiz na Raman mikroskopu, v tem trenutku opravlja veliko število metod, med katerimi jih je nekaj akreditirano ali v postopku akreditacije, nekatere metode pa so inovativne in predmet raziskovanja in razvoja. Nekatere metoda ki jih uporabljamo:<ul><li>Identifikacija materialov</li><li>Določanje mikroplastike v pitni vodi in morski vodi</li><li>Določanje mikroplastike v hrani in dodatkih v prehrani</li><li>Določanje mikroplastike v kozmetičnih izdelkih</li><li>Uporaba kemometrijskih tehnik za kvantitativno določanje analitov v raztopinah</li><li>Detekcija kontaminantov s &nbsp;SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) tehniko</li></ul>

<h3>Raman spektroskopija i mikroskopija</h3>Ramanova spektroskopija je jedna od glavnih vibracijskih spektroskopskih tehnika, u kojima se spektri promatranih uzoraka dobivaju kao rezultat vibracija veza između atoma u molekulama uzorka. Nerazorna je tehnika kemijske analize koja koristi neelastično raspršivanje svjetlosti kako bi identificirala jedinstveni otisak prsta (fingerprint) molekule. Interakcijom monokromatskog izvora svjetlosti (u području vidljivog, bliskog infracrvenog ili bliskog ultraljubičastog dijela spektra) i uzorka, dolazi do tzv. neelastičnog raspršivanja svjetlosti, u kojem izlazni fotoni imaju različitu valnu duljinu od ulaznih (Raman učinak). Detekcijom raspršenih fotona dobiva se spektar u kojem se Ramanov pomak prikazuje zajedno s intenzitetom detektiranih fotona.Budući da prikazane vrpce u spektru odgovaraju pripadajućim vezama atoma unutar molekula, moguća je brza identifikacija materijala pomoću odnosa specifičnih položaja i intenziteta vrpci u Ramanovom spektru. Nadalje, s obzirom da se intenzitet pojedinih vrpci u spektri može dovesti u vezu s koncentracijom analita u uzorku, moguće je kvalitativno i kvantitativno određivanje analita.Ramanova mikroskopija kombinira Ramanovu spektroskopiju s optičkom mikroskopijom, čime se omogućuje prostorno određivanje različitih komponenti unutar promatranog uzorka u tri dimenzije i dobivanje tzv. kemijske slike (eng. chemical imaging) ili kemijske slike presjeka, sa sposobnošću razlučivanja do 1 µm.Ramanova spektroskopija i mikroskopija koristi se u istraživanjima u područjima nanotehnologije, elektronike, znanosti o materijalima, farmaciji, geologiji…Farmaceutska industrija:Potencijalne primjene u otkrivanju i razvoju lijekova:<ul><li>ispitivanje raspodjele komponenata unutar formulacija,</li><li>karakterizaciju homogenosti farmaceutskih uzoraka,</li><li>određivanje stanja ljekovitih tvari i pomoćnih tvari te</li><li>karakterizaciju onečišćenja i stranih čestica</li></ul>Metode Ramanove spektroskopije također se primjenjuju za:<ul><li>dizajn tvari lijeka,</li><li>razvoj čvrstih i tekućih formulacija,</li><li>kao alat za analitiku procesa</li><li>za utvrđivanje kršenja patenata</li><li>analizu krivotvorenja</li></ul>Analiza materijala:<ul><li>kemijska i strukturna analiza višedimenzionalnih materijala</li><li>idealan izbor za određivanje debljine sloja grafena i određivanje relativnog promjera ugljikovih nanocjevčica</li></ul>Razvoj baterija:<ul><li>analiza strukturnih i materijalnih promjena na litij ionskim baterijama u stvarnom vremenu</li><li>savršeno za učinkovitu ex situ analizu anodnih i katodnih materijala</li></ul>Analiza polimera/ ambalaža:<ul><li>vizualizacija 3D konfokalnih spektralnih podataka</li><li>brzo razumijevanje višeslojnih uzoraka pri visokoj razlučivosti</li><li>dobivanje podataka o strukturi i kristalnosti</li></ul>Određivanje mikroplastike:<ul><li>mikroplastika: automatizirana analiza i identifikacija mikroplastike u više točaka,</li><li>napredni softver za optičko lociranje, karakterizaciju i identifikaciju mikroplastike</li><li>veća prostorna razlučivost omogućuje analizu mikro čestica</li></ul>Geološka istraživanja:<ul><li>brza nerazorna identifikacija inkluzija tekućina u mineralima</li><li>trenutni podaci o kristaliničnosti i kristalnoj strukturi</li></ul>Obnova umjetnosti i proučavanje kulturnih umjetnina:<ul><li>identificiranje i karakterizacija izvornih i raspadnutih spojeva prisutnih u umjetničkim predmetima i arheologiji</li><li>neinvazivna, nerazorna metoda analize pigmenta</li></ul>Forenzika:Primjene unutar forenzičke znanosti uključuju identifikaciju ilegalnih droga, ostataka pucnjave, ubrzivača u slučajevima paleža, tinte koja se koristi za krivotvorenje ili eksploziva. Sample Control u svom radu ima tehnološki najnapredniji Raman mikroskop. Thermo Scientific™ DXR™3xi Raman Imaging mikroskop značajno proširuje analize koje provodi laboratorij Sample Control. U sklopu analiza na Raman mikroskopu, u ovom trenutku provodi veliki broj metoda od kojih je nekoliko akreditirano ili u postupku akreditacije, dok su neke metode inovativne i predmet istraživanja i razvoja. Neke od metoda koje primjenjujem:<ul><li>Identifikacija materijala</li><li>Određivanje mikroplastike u vodi za piće i morskoj vodi</li><li>Određivanje mikroplastike u hrani i dodacima prehrani</li><li>Određivanje mikroplastike u kozmetičkim proizvodima</li><li>Primjena kemometrijskih tehnika za kvantitativno određivanje analita u otopinama</li><li>Detekcija kontaminanata SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) tehnikom</li></ul>

<h3>Molecular testing</h3>In its work, the laboratory applies state-of-the-art molecular and serological procedures of identification and typification.PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)Real-time PCR polymerase chain reaction is a process in which we process a wide range of samples, since in just a few hours one single copy of a specific segment (sequence) of DNA will multiply into trillions of identical copies (molecules). It is highly sensitive, specific and reliable because there is less risk of contamination of samples, and an automatic reaction performance can search for a large number of samples.We perform high-quality testing services of the following:<ul><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/en/services/food-and-feed-testing?s=food-allergens">allergens</a></li></ul><ul><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/en/services/food-and-feed-testing?s=gmo-analyses">genetically modified organisms (GMO analysis)</a></li><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/en/services/food-and-feed-testing?s=dna-analyses-authenticity-testing">DNA analysis - authenticity testing and animal species identification</a></li><li>bacteria (Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella serovar Enteritidis)</li><li>viruses (norovirus, hepatitis A)</li></ul>ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)Immunoenzyme test (ELISA) is an antibody-based method. This widespread technology is sensitive, fast and reliable. ELISA is a powerful immune test that can qualitatively or quantitatively detect bacteria, parasites, chemicals, drug residues and other food pollution. Our Laboratory is accredited for quantitative determination of a large number of <a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/en/services/food-and-feed-testing?s=food-allergens">allergens in food</a>.The main goal is to protect consumers as the issue of the appearance of <a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/en/services/food-and-feed-testing?s=food-allergens">hidden allergens in food</a> has recently been recognised.The immunoenzyme ELISA test determines the presence and quantity of antigens. The reaction is based on binding antibodies and antigens from the sample, and spectrophotometric measurement of the resulting reaction, which occurs due to discoloration. This highly sensitive and selective method can determine a very low concentration of analytes of, for example, several ng per kg of the test sample. The tests are commercially available in many forms and have a number of applications within the framework of quality control and food safety.The corresponding values of validation parameters, such as sensitivity, specificity and detection limit, make ELISA tests suitable and frequent for the determination of allergens in food.

<h3>Molekularna preverjanja</h3>Laboratorij pri svojem delu uporablja najbolj sodobne molekularne in serološke postopke identifikacije in tipizacije.PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)Verižna reakcija s polimerazo v resničnem času (real-time PCR) je postopek, v katerem obdelujemo veliko število vzorcev, ker se bo za pičlih nekaj ur ena sama kopija določenega specifičnega odseka (sekvence) DNA razmnožila v bilione identičnih kopij (molekul). Visoko je občutljiv, specifičen, zanesljiv ker močno zmanjša tveganje&nbsp; kontaminacije vzorcev, z avtomatsko izvedbo reakcije pa lahko preiščemo veliko število vzorcev.Opravljamo visokokakovostne storitve preverjanja:<ul><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/sl/storitve/preiskovanje-hrane-in-hrane-za-zivali?s=alergeni-v-hrani">alergenov</a></li><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/en/services/food-and-feed-testing?s=gmo-analyses">genetsko modificiranih organizmov (GMO analize)</a></li><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/sl/storitve/preiskovanje-hrane-in-hrane-za-zivali?s=dna-analize-preiskovanje-avtenticnosti">DNA analize - preiskovanje avtentičnosti in identifikacije živalskih vrst</a></li><li>bakterij (Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in Salmonella serovar Enteritidis)</li><li>virusov (norovirus, hepatitis A)</li></ul>ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)Imunoenzimski test (ELISA) je metoda na podlagi antiteles. Ta razprostranjena tehnologija je občutljiva, hitra in zanesljiva. ELISA je močen imunološki test, s katerim je možno kvalitativno ali kvantitativno detektiranje bakterij, parazitov, kemikalij, ostankov zdravil in ostalih onesnaženosti hrane. Laboratorij je akreditiran za kvantitativno določanje velikega števila <a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/sl/storitve/preiskovanje-hrane-in-hrane-za-zivali?s=alergeni-v-hrani">alergenov v hrani</a>.Glavni cilj je zaščita potrošnikov, saj smo v zadnjih časih prepoznali problem pojava skritih <a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/sl/storitve/preiskovanje-hrane-in-hrane-za-zivali?s=alergeni-v-hrani">alergenov v hrani</a>.Z imunoenzimskim ELISA testom določamo prisotnost in količino antigenov. Reakcija se temelji na povezovanju antiteles in antigenov iz vzorca ter spektrofotometrijskem merjenju nastale reakcije, do katere prihaja zaradi spremembe barve. Ta visoko občutljiva in selektivna metoda lahko določi zelo nizko koncentracijo analitov od na primer nekaj ng po kg preverjanega vzorca. Testi so komercialno dostopni v mnogih oblikah in imajo številne uporabe v okvirju kontrole kakovosti in varnosti hrane.Ustrezne vrednosti validacijskih parametrov, kot so občutljivost, specifičnost ter meja detekcije, pomenijo da so ELISA testi primerni in pogosti pri določanju alergenov v hrani.

<h3>Molekularna ispitivanja</h3>Laboratorij u svom radu primjenjuje najsuvremenije molekularne i serološke postupke identifikacije i tipizacije.PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)Lančana reakcija polimerazom u stvarnom vremenu (real-time PCR) je postupak u kojem obrađujemo široki raspon uzoraka jer će se za svega nekoliko sati jedna jedina kopija određenog specifičnog odsječka (sekvence) DNA umnožiti u bilijune identičnih kopija (molekula). Visoko je osjetljiv, specifičan, pouzdan jer je manji rizik za kontaminaciju uzoraka, a automatskom izvedbom reakcije može se pretražiti velik broj uzoraka.Provodimo visokokvalitetne usluge ispitivanja:<ul><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/usluge/ispitivanje-hrane-i-hrane-za-zivotinje?s=alergeni-u-hrani">alergena</a></li><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/usluge/ispitivanje-hrane-i-hrane-za-zivotinje?s=gmo-analize">genetski modificiranih organizama (GMO analize)</a></li><li><a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/usluge/ispitivanje-hrane-i-hrane-za-zivotinje?s=dna-analize">DNA analize - ispitivanje autentičnosti i identifikacije životinjskih vrsta</a></li><li>bakterija (Salmonella serovar Typhimurium i Salmonella serovar Enteritidis)</li><li>virusa (norovirus, hepatitis A)</li></ul>ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)Imunoenzimski test (ELISA) je metoda na bazi antitijela. Ova rasprostranjena tehnologija je osjetljiva, brza i pouzdana. ELISA je snažan imunološki test kojim se mogu kvalitativno ili kvantitativno detektirati bakterije, paraziti, kemikalije, ostaci lijekova i ostala zagađenja hrane. Laboratorij je akreditiran za kvantitativno određivanje velikog <a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/usluge/ispitivanje-hrane-i-hrane-za-zivotinje?s=alergeni-u-hrani">broja alergena u hrani</a>.Glavni cilj je zaštita potrošača jer je u posljednje vrijeme prepoznat problem pojave <a target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sample-control.hr/usluge/ispitivanje-hrane-i-hrane-za-zivotinje?s=alergeni-u-hrani">skrivenih alergena u hrani</a>.Imunoenzimskim ELISA testom se određuje prisutnost i količina antigena. Reakcija se temelji na vezanju antitijela i antigena iz uzorka te spektrofotometrijskom mjerenju nastale reakcije, do koje dolazi zbog promjene boje. Ova visoko osjetljiva i selektivna metoda može odrediti vrlo nisku koncentraciju analita od primjerice nekoliko ng po kg ispitivanog uzorka. Testovi su komercijalno dostupni u mnogim oblicima i imaju brojne primjene u okviru kontrole kvalitete i sigurnosti hrane.Odgovarajuće vrijednosti parametara validacije, kao što su osjetljivost, specifičnost te granica detekcije, čine ELISA testove pogodnima i učestalima za određivanje alergena u hrani.

Microplastics testing

Microplastics testing

Molecular testing

Raman spectroscopy and microscopy

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